Mawusu Korean Alphabet

Uses a-z ISO basic Latin alphabet and ⟨é⟩, and their capitals. Names of the letters respect current usage, while ⟨é⟩ can be called /é/. Also allows use of acute accent and umlaut on vowels for expanded use.

This system can be further modified for specific needs. For instance, ⟨ë⟩ can be used instead of ⟨é⟩ with Contemporary Korean Romanization and ⟨S⟩ can be mapped to ⟨ㅆ⟩ for contemporary Korean for an input method. Another example is that ⟨h⟩, ⟨x⟩ can be used for ⟨ㅎ⟩, ⟨ㆆ⟩ with Middle Korean Romanization.

Try typing with it in a LaTeX environment here. Compare it with other historic Romanizations.

Contemporary Korean

Note that the letters (phonemes) “v”, “z”, and the silent vowel “o” are absolutely neutralized.

Consonants

ㅁ	ㅂ	(ㅸ)	ㅃ	ㅍ
m	b	v	bb	p
ㄴ	ㄷ		ㄸ	ㅌ
n	d		dd	t
(ᄛ)	ㅈ		ㅉ	ㅊ
r	j		jj	c
ㄹ	ㅅ	(ㅿ)	ㅆ	ㅎ
l	s	z	ss	x
ㆁ	ㄱ		ㄲ	ㅋ
ng	q		qq	k

Vowels

ㅏ	ㅐ			ㅔ			ㅣ	ㅡ	ㅓ	(ㆍ)
a	é(eh)						i	u	e	o
ㅘ	ㅚ		ㅙ		ㅞ		ㅟ	ㅜ	ㅝ	ㅗ
wa	wé(weh)						wi	wu	we	wo
ㅑ	ㅒ			ㅖ			ㅢ	ㅠ	ㅕ	ㅛ
ya	yé(yeh)						yi	yu	ye	yo

Orthography

You can follow Republic Korean spelling rules but you should apply the following.

1. Write ‘ㅎ’ 불규칙 활용 explicitly with ⟨xo⟩.

2. Write ‘ㅂ’ 불규칙 활용 explicitly with ⟨v⟩.

3. Write ‘ㅅ’ 불규칙 활용 explicitly with ⟨z⟩.

4. Write ‘르’ 불규칙 활용 explicitly with ⟨ll⟩ and ‘러’ 불규칙 활용 with ⟨lll⟩.

5. Write ‘ㄷ’ 불규칙 활용 explicitly with ⟨r⟩.

6. Write ‘여’ 불규칙 활용 without modifying the stem with ⟨ye⟩/⟨h⟩.

It is also recommended to apply the following changes.

1. Write 사이비읍 explicitly as ⟨bs⟩ or ⟨bd⟩.

2. Write 사이히읗 explicitly as ⟨x⟩.

3. Write 사이시읏 explicitly as ⟨s⟩, ⟨n⟩, or ⟨nn⟩.

4. Write the lexeme of the lemma “puji” as ⟨pu-⟩ instead of ⟨pwu-⟩.

5. Write the lemma previously written as “xiux” as “xius”.

6. Write as “-ㄹ고, -ㄹ가, -ㄹ소냐”; not “-ㄹ꼬, -ㄹ까, -ㄹ쏘냐”.

It is discouraged to do so, but you can transliterate as ㅐ ah, ㅚ woh, ㅙ wah, ㅒ yah.

Middle Korean

Consonants

ㄱ	q	ㆁ	ng
ㅋ	k	ㆆ	H
ㄴ	n	ㅎ	x
ㄷ	d	ㅈ	j
ㅌ	t	ㅊ	c
ㄹ	l	ㅁ	m
ᄛ	r	ㅸ	v
ㅅ	s	ㅂ	b
ㅿ	z	ㅍ	p

Vowels

ㅏ	ㅓ	ㅡ	ㆍ
a	e	u	o
ㅘ	ㅝ	ㅜ	ㅗ
wa	we	wu	wo
ㅑ	ㅕ	ㅠ	ㅛ
ya	ye	yu	yo
ㅐ	ㅔ	ㅢ	ㆎ
ai	ei	ui	oi
ㅙ	ㅞ	ㅟ	ㅚ
wai	wei	wui	woi
ㅒ	ㅖ	ㆌ	ㆉ	ㅣ
yai	yei	yui	yoi	(y)i

Hangul

Consonants

ㆁ	ng	ㅱ	w
ㄱ	q	ㅸ	v
ㄲ	qq	ㅹ	vv
ㅋ	k	ㆄ	f
ㄴ	n	ᄛ	r
ㄷ	d	ㅈ	j
ㄸ	dd	ㅉ	jj
ㅌ	t	ㅊ	c
ㄹ	l	ㅁ	m
ㅅ	s	ㅂ	b
ㅆ	ss	ㅃ	bb
ㅿ	z	ㅍ	p
ㆆ	H	ㅎ	x
ᄾ	sh	ᄼ	cs
ᄿ	zh	ᄽ	cz
ᅐ	qh	ᅎ	cq
ᅑ	jh	ᅏ	cj
ᅕ	ch	ᅔ	cc

Vowels

ㅏ	ㅓ	ㅡ	ㆍ	ㅣ
a	e	u	o	i
ㅘ	ㅝ	ㅜ	ㅗ
óa	úe	ú	ó
ㅑ	ㅕ	ㅠ	ㅛ
ya	ye	yú	yó
ㅐ	ㅔ	ㅢ	ㆎ
ai	ei	ui	oi
ㅙ	ㅞ	ㅟ	ㅚ
óai	úei	úi	ói
ㅒ	ㅖ	ㆌ	ㆉ
yai	yei	yúi	yói

• Unspecified vowel clusters are transliterated as the combination of each traditionally minimal vowels.

• ⟨i⟩ is used if it is or is a part of a nucleus. ⟨y⟩ is used if it is the first letter of a vowel cluster. Else, ⟨i⟩ is used: when it’s the last letter of a vowel cluster.

• In case only ASCII latin letters can be used, accent markers can be replaced by a following h.

• Use hyphens to distinguish syllbles if necessary.

Comparison

The Romanization for Middle Korean introduced here covers more letter than Yale Romanization and differs in a few ways. Here are some very brief examples.

Text	Here	Yale	Why
ㄱ	q	k	To get rid of confusion with ⟨ng⟩ and for compatibility with Chinese
ㅋ	k	kh	Follows change of ⟨ㄱ⟩, Compression
ㆆ	H	q	⟨q⟩ is reserved
ㅎ	x	h	⟨h⟩ is reserved
ㅗ	ó(wo)	(w)o	To differenciate transliteration and transcription
ㅜ	ú(wu)	(w)u	“
ㅐ	ai	ay	To write semivowel ⟨ㅣ⟩ with a vowel character
ㅔ	ei	ey	“
ㅊ	c	ch	To compress
ㅈ	j	c	For compatibility with Chinese and Middle Korean
(ㅅ)	d/n/nn/r	q	To define explicitly and phonemically
ㅸ	v	W	To define explicitly and to follow historic pronunciation

Miscellaneous

Signs

Hangul	Accent	Tone
ㅇ	G	G
〮	◌'	◌'
〯	'◌	◌"
Hangul	Transc.	Transl.
◌ː	'◌	◌:

• For combinational letter clusters, just write them out by each compositing letter.

Early Modern Korean

ㅐ	ㅔ	ㅟ	ㅚ	ㅢ
ä	ë	ü	ö	ï
ㅒ	ㅖ
yä	yë
ㅞ	ㅙ
wä	wë

You may postpend ⟨E⟩ instead of the umlaut.

Phonetic Representation of Modern Korean

You can use combinations of the graphemes introduced above to represent the phonemes of dialectic Korean and the phones.

Examples
ㆊ	ᄄᆑ
üe	ddüe